VIOX Blog

Electrical Engineering Guides & Insights

How to Inspect and Test a DC SPD Before Installation: What a Multimeter Can and Cannot Verify

Solar, DC & Energy Storage

How to Inspect and Test a DC SPD Before Installation: What a Multimeter Can and Cannot Verify

Joe2026-08-14

Panels & Switchgear

AIS vs GIS vs Hybrid Switchgear (HGIS): Differences, Applications, and Selection

Joe2026-08-13

AIS vs GIS vs Hybrid Switchgear (HGIS): Differences, Applications, and Selection

Industrial Control & Automation

On Delay vs Off Delay Timer: TON vs TOF Timing Diagram and Working Principle

Joe2026-08-13

On Delay vs Off Delay Timer: TON vs TOF Timing Diagram and Working Principle

Electrical Engineering & Standards

What Size Wire for a 60 Amp Breaker? NEC Decision Guide

Joe2026-08-13

What Size Wire for a 60 Amp Breaker? NEC Decision Guide

PV DC Arc-Fault Protection Explained: NEC 690.11, IEC 63027, and Solar AFCI

DC Protection & Isolation

PV DC Arc-Fault Protection Explained: NEC 690.11, IEC 63027, and Solar AFCI

Joe2026-08-13

SPDT Relay Wiring Diagram: Terminals, Working Principle and Practical Examples

Industrial Control & Automation

SPDT Relay Wiring Diagram: Terminals, Working Principle and Practical Examples

Joe2026-08-13

How to Choose a Solid State Relay (SSR): Load Type, Current Rating, Heat Sink, and Protection

Industrial Control & Automation

How to Choose a Solid State Relay (SSR): Load Type, Current Rating, Heat Sink, and Protection

Joe2026-07-21

Three-Phase Voltage Monitoring Relay Functions Explained: VIOX FCP18 Selection Guide

Industrial Control & Automation

Three-Phase Voltage Monitoring Relay Functions Explained: VIOX FCP18 Selection Guide

Joe2026-07-07

Copper Busbar Corrosion Explained: Oxidation, Humidity, Temperature, and Galvanic Corrosion

Power Distribution & Switchgear

Copper Busbar Corrosion Explained: Oxidation, Humidity, Temperature, and Galvanic Corrosion

Joe2026-07-06

Why Europe’s AC Boom Is a Circuit Protection Problem: MCB Curves, RCBOs, and Old Consumer Units

Circuit Protection

Why Europe’s AC Boom Is a Circuit Protection Problem: MCB Curves, RCBOs, and Old Consumer Units

Joe2026-07-05

Why Copper Busbar Joints Overheat: Contact Resistance, Temperature Rise, and Thermal Imaging Inspection

Power Distribution & Switchgear

Why Copper Busbar Joints Overheat: Contact Resistance, Temperature Rise, and Thermal Imaging Inspection

Joe2026-07-05

NEMA vs IP Ratings for Electrical Enclosures: Indoor, Outdoor, and Corrosive Environments

Electrical Enclosures & Connectivity

NEMA vs IP Ratings for Electrical Enclosures: Indoor, Outdoor, and Corrosive Environments

Joe2026-07-04

Screw vs Spring vs Push-In Terminal Blocks: Differences, Pros, Cons, and Selection Guide

Electrical Enclosures & Connectivity

Screw vs Spring vs Push-In Terminal Blocks: Differences, Pros, Cons, and Selection Guide

Joe2026-07-04

Auxiliary Contact vs Main Contact: Difference in Contactors and Circuit Breakers

Contactors

Auxiliary Contact vs Main Contact: Difference in Contactors and Circuit Breakers

Joe2026-07-04

Standard MCB Sizes: Miniature Circuit Breaker Amp Ratings, Wire Size, and IEC/NEC Guide

Circuit Protection

Standard MCB Sizes: Miniature Circuit Breaker Amp Ratings, Wire Size, and IEC/NEC Guide

Joe2026-07-03

SPST vs SPDT vs DPST vs DPDT: Poles and Throws Explained for Switches and Relays

Industrial Control & Automation

SPST vs SPDT vs DPST vs DPDT: Poles and Throws Explained for Switches and Relays

Joe2026-07-02

Top 10 PV Combiner Box Manufacturers in China

PV Combiner Boxes

Top 10 PV Combiner Box Manufacturers in China

Joe2026-06-30

Top 10 RCCB Brands in India: Best RCCB for Home, Price, and Selection Guide

Circuit Protection

Top 10 RCCB Brands in India: Best RCCB for Home, Price, and Selection Guide

Joe2026-06-30

Relay Coil Voltage Explained: Rated Voltage, Pick-Up Voltage, Drop-Out Voltage, and Holding Voltage

Industrial Control & Automation

Relay Coil Voltage Explained: Rated Voltage, Pick-Up Voltage, Drop-Out Voltage, and Holding Voltage

Joe2026-06-27

IEC 61009-1 Explained: RCBO Standard, Scope, Requirements, and IEC 60947-2 Differences

Circuit Protection

IEC 61009-1 Explained: RCBO Standard, Scope, Requirements, and IEC 60947-2 Differences

Joe2026-06-25

RCBO Type AC vs A vs F vs B: Differences & Selection

Circuit Protection

RCBO Type AC vs A vs F vs B: Differences & Selection

Joe2026-06-23

Solar Combiner Box Protection Design: Coordinating Fuses, DC Isolators, Breakers, and SPDs

PV Combiner Boxes

Solar Combiner Box Protection Design: Coordinating Fuses, DC Isolators, Breakers, and SPDs

Joe2026-06-22

Electromechanical Relay vs Solid State Relay: EMR vs SSR Differences, Pros, Cons, and Applications

Industrial Control & Automation

Electromechanical Relay vs Solid State Relay: EMR vs SSR Differences, Pros, Cons, and Applications

Joe2026-06-22

Isolator vs Disconnector vs Switch-Disconnector vs Load Break Switch: What’s the Difference

Power Distribution & Switchgear

Isolator vs Disconnector vs Switch-Disconnector vs Load Break Switch: What’s the Difference

Joe2026-06-21

Electrical Formulas for Low-Voltage Panel Design and Maintenance

Electrical Engineering & Standards

Electrical Formulas for Low-Voltage Panel Design and Maintenance

Joe2026-06-21

How Does an Automatic Transfer Switch Work? ATS Working Principle and Transfer Sequence Explained

Industrial Control & Automation

How Does an Automatic Transfer Switch Work? ATS Working Principle and Transfer Sequence Explained

Joe2026-06-20

How to Read an SPD Datasheet: Uc, Up, In, Imax, Iimp, Type, and Backup Fuse Explained

Surge Protection & Power Quality

How to Read an SPD Datasheet: Uc, Up, In, Imax, Iimp, Type, and Backup Fuse Explained

Joe2026-06-19

Conductivity vs Resistivity vs %IACS: Copper, Aluminum, Silver, and Contact Materials Compared

Electrical Engineering & Standards

Conductivity vs Resistivity vs %IACS: Copper, Aluminum, Silver, and Contact Materials Compared

Joe2026-06-19