VIOX Electric
Language

Mga Full Form sa Elektrikal, na ipinaliwanag para sa mga totoong sistema.

Search 245 essential abbreviations used in circuit protection, switching, motor control, automation, power distribution, solar, wiring, measurement, and standards.

Mag-browse ayon sa disiplinang elektrikal

Gamitin ang topic map kung alam mo ang area ng system; gamitin ang A–Z o search kung alam mo ang abbreviation.

Maghanap ng terminong elektrikal

Maghanap ayon sa daglat, buong anyo, gamit, o aplikasyon.

245 terms

AMeasurements & Standards

Ampere

Ang SI unit ng kuryente.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga rating ng kuryente, sukat, kalkulasyon, at mga espesipikasyon ng kagamitan.
AB SwitchPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Air-Break Switch

Isang switch na nagbubukas ng mga contact sa hangin upang magbigay ng nakikitang pagkaputol ng circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Manwal na pag-switch at isolasyon sa mga angkop na aplikasyon ng distribusyon.
ACMeasurements & Standards

Alternating Current

Kuryenteng pana-panahong nagbabago ng direksyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga suplay ng utility, motor, transformer, at distribusyon sa gusali.
Read the AC guide
ACBProteksyon ng Circuit

Mga Naka Circuit Breaker

Isang low-voltage circuit breaker na gumagamit ng hangin bilang medium para pamatay ng arc.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga main incomer, malalaking distribution board, at industrial switchboard.
Basahin ang gabay sa ACB
ACDBPamamahagi ng kuryente

Alternating-Current Distribution Board

Isang board na nagbabahagi at nagpoprotekta sa mga alternating-current circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Distribusyon ng AC para sa gusali, industriya, at renewable energy.
ADCAutomation & Control

Analog-to-Digital Converter

A circuit that converts an analog input into a digital representation.

Karaniwang gamit
PLC analog inputs, sensor interfaces, and measurement electronics.
AFProteksyon ng Circuit

Ampere Frame

A breaker frame-size designation expressed in amperes, not necessarily the installed trip rating or current setting.

Karaniwang gamit
Reading molded-case breaker catalogues and distinguishing frame size from selected protection settings.
AFCIProteksyon ng Circuit

Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter

Isang kagamitang pananggalang na idinisenyo upang matukoy ang mapanganib na arcing patterns at putulin ang daloy ng kuryente sa circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga branch circuit kung saan kinakailangan ang arc-fault protection ayon sa naaangkop na code.
AFDDProteksyon ng Circuit

Arc Fault Detection Device

Isang kagamitan na tumutukoy sa katangiang electrical arcing at nagdidiskonekta sa apektadong circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga final circuit kung saan kinakailangang bawasan ang panganib na may kaugnayan sa electrical arcs.
Basahin ang gabay sa AFDD
AIAutomation & Control

Analog Input

Isang input ng controller na nagbabasa ng tuloy-tuloy na variable na electrical signal.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagsukat ng temperatura, presyon, antas, daloy, at posisyon.
AICProteksyon ng Circuit

Ampere Interrupting Capacity

Ang pinakamataas na fault current na kayang putulin ng isang protective device sa ilalim ng mga itinakdang kondisyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Paghahambing ng kakayahan ng protective device sa available na fault current.
AISPamamahagi ng kuryente

Air-Insulated Switchgear

Switchgear using air as the principal external insulation between live parts and earth or between phases.

Karaniwang gamit
Distribution switchgear terminology; the insulation medium does not by itself identify the arc-interruption method.
AMFPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Automatic Mains Failure

A generator-control function that detects an unacceptable mains supply and initiates a configured backup-power sequence.

Karaniwang gamit
AMF panels and generator controllers; the control function is distinct from the ATS power-switching assembly.
ANSIMeasurements & Standards

American National Standards Institute

Isang organisasyon sa US na nag-uugnay ng mga voluntary consensus standard at mga aktibidad sa pagtatasa ng pagsunod (conformity-assessment).

Karaniwang gamit
Mga sanggunian sa engineering specification at standard sa North America.
AOAutomation & Control

Analog Output

Isang output ng controller na nagpapadala ng tuloy-tuloy na variable na electrical signal.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga speed reference, command sa valve, at mga setpoint para sa process-control.
APFCPamamahagi ng kuryente

Automatic Power Factor Controller

Isang controller na naglilipat ng mga correction stage upang mapanatili ang target na power factor.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga capacitor bank sa mga komersyal at industriyal na instalasyon.
Basahin ang gabay sa APFC
ASDPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Adjustable Speed Drive

A drive system that permits adjustment of motor speed; a VFD is one electrical implementation for AC motors.

Karaniwang gamit
Motor-control specifications and variable-speed process equipment.
ATSPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Awtomatikong Transfer Switch

Isang switching assembly na awtomatikong naglilipat ng load sa pagitan ng mga available na power source.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga utility-generator, dual-supply, at backup-power system.
Basahin ang gabay sa ATS
AVRPamamahagi ng kuryente

Automatic Voltage Regulator

A controller that adjusts a system to maintain voltage; on a generator it commonly regulates excitation.

Karaniwang gamit
Generator output regulation and voltage-control equipment, with the implementation identified by context.
AWAWiring & Enclosures

Aluminium Wire Armour

Cable armour made from aluminium wires, commonly used where non-magnetic armour is required.

Karaniwang gamit
Armoured cable and gland selection, including suitable single-core AC cable arrangements.
AWGWiring & Enclosures

American Wire Gauge

Isang standard na sistema ng sukat ng konduktor na malawakang ginagamit sa Hilagang Amerika.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagpili ng kable, pagiging tugma ng terminal, at dokumentasyon ng konduktor.
BACnetAutomation & Control

Building Automation and Control Network

A data communication protocol for exchanging information between building automation and control devices.

Karaniwang gamit
HVAC controls, building monitoring, and integration between compatible building systems.
BBMPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Break Before Make

Isang pagkakasunod-sunod ng kontak kung saan bumubukas ang kasalukuyang koneksyon bago sumara ang bagong koneksyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga changeover switch kung saan hindi dapat mag-overlap ang mga source o circuit.
BESSSolar, DC & EV

Battery Energy Storage System

Isang pinagsamang sistema na nag-iimbak ng enerhiyang elektrikal sa mga baterya at ibinabalik ito kung kinakailangan.

Karaniwang gamit
Solar self-consumption, pamamahala ng peak load, backup power, at mga serbisyo sa grid.
BEVSolar, DC & EV

Battery Electric Vehicle

Isang sasakyang pinapatakbo lamang ng mga de-kuryenteng motor gamit ang enerhiyang nakaimbak sa isang rechargeable na baterya.

Karaniwang gamit
Imprastraktura para sa AC at DC charging at pagpaplano ng pamamahala ng enerhiya.
BISMeasurements & Standards

Bureau of Indian Standards

The national standards body of India, responsible for standards development and associated conformity-assessment activities.

Karaniwang gamit
Indian market requirements; verify whether a particular product and scheme require certification.
BLDCPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Brushless Direct-Current Motor

Isang permanent-magnet motor na electronically commutated nang walang mechanical brushes.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga fan, pump, automation, at kagamitang variable-speed.
BMSSolar, DC & EV

Battery Management System

An electronic system that monitors and manages battery operation and protection functions; distinct from a building management system.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga battery pack, stationary storage, at mga electric vehicle.
BMS (Building)Automation & Control

Building Management System

A supervisory system for monitoring and controlling building services; distinct from a battery management system.

Karaniwang gamit
HVAC, energy monitoring, alarms, and integration of building control systems.
BOSSolar, DC & EV

Balance of System

The supporting parts of a photovoltaic installation beyond the PV modules, with the exact scope depending on the project.

Karaniwang gamit
Cabling, mounting, switching, protection, and other equipment in PV system planning.
BSMeasurements & Standards

British Standard

A designation for a British Standard; the number and edition identify the actual requirements.

Karaniwang gamit
UK technical specifications and product or installation references.
BS ENMeasurements & Standards

British Standard adopting a European Standard

A UK national adoption of a European Standard, identified by its complete standard number and edition.

Karaniwang gamit
Reading equipment specifications and distinguishing a standards reference from certification evidence.
CANAutomation & Control

Controller Area Network

A serial communication system allowing controllers and devices to exchange prioritized messages.

Karaniwang gamit
Machine controls and battery systems; CANopen adds higher-layer communication and device profiles.
CATMeasurements & Standards

Measurement Category

An instrument safety classification associated with the measurement location and transient environment, such as CAT III or CAT IV.

Karaniwang gamit
Selecting test equipment using both its category and voltage rating, together with suitable probes and leads.
CBProteksyon ng Circuit

Circuit Breaker

Isang switching device na may kakayahang mag-make, mag-carry, at mag-interrupt ng kuryente sa ilalim ng mga tinukoy na kondisyon ng circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Proteksyon ng circuit at controlled isolation sa mga distribution system.
CBCTProteksyon ng Circuit

Core Balance Current Transformer

A current transformer that senses the vector sum of currents in the circuit conductors passing through its core.

Karaniwang gamit
Residual-current monitoring and earth-leakage relay schemes with correctly routed circuit conductors.
CCCMeasurements & Standards

China Compulsory Certification

A compulsory product certification system for categories included in the applicable Chinese catalogue.

Karaniwang gamit
Checking model-specific certification requirements for products within the scheme, not assuming all electrical products are covered.
CCSSolar, DC & EV

Combined Charging System

An EV charging system combining AC and DC charging capabilities within a coordinated connector and communication framework.

Karaniwang gamit
EV charging interface specifications; identify the connector variant and regional requirements.
CCTAutomation & Control

Correlated Colour Temperature

A description of the apparent colour of a light source relative to a reference radiator, expressed in kelvin.

Karaniwang gamit
Lighting selection and building controls; it is not the operating temperature of the lamp.
CEMeasurements & Standards

Conformité Européenne (European Conformity)

The common expansion associated with CE marking, through which a manufacturer declares conformity with applicable EU requirements.

Karaniwang gamit
Product conformity documentation; CE marking is not a general quality award or proof of independent certification.
CFLAutomation & Control

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

A compact fluorescent light source using a ballast to operate its discharge tube.

Karaniwang gamit
Lighting circuit descriptions and compatible switching-device selection.
CGWiring & Enclosures

Cable Glandula

Isang kabit na nagpapatibay at nagtatakip sa kable kung saan ito pumapasok sa isang enclosure.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga panel, junction box, makinarya, at kagamitang panlabas.
CKTMeasurements & Standards

Circuit

Isang karaniwang daglat para sa electrical circuit sa mga drawing at schedule.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga panel schedule, schematic, single-line diagram, at field note.
Basahin ang gabay sa CKT
CLFProteksyon ng Circuit

Current-Limiting Fuse

Isang fuse na idinisenyo upang limitahan ang laki at tagal ng fault current.

Karaniwang gamit
Proteksyon kung saan ang paglilimita sa let-through energy ay nakakatulong sa koordinasyon ng mga kagamitan sa downstream.
CPCWiring & Enclosures

Circuit Protective Conductor

Isang protective conductor na nagkokonekta sa mga exposed conductive part patungo sa earthing arrangement.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga landas ng fault-current at protective bonding sa mga electrical installation.
CRIAutomation & Control

Colour Rendering Index

A metric describing how a light source renders object colours relative to a reference source under the defined method.

Karaniwang gamit
Lighting specifications; separate from brightness and correlated colour temperature.
CSAWiring & Enclosures

Cross-Sectional Area

The area of a conductor cross section, commonly expressed in square millimetres; distinct from the CSA standards-organization meaning.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagtatakda ng laki ng conductor, pagtatasa ng voltage-drop, at pagpili ng terminal.
CSA (Standards)Measurements & Standards

Canadian Standards Association

The standards-organization meaning associated with CSA Group, distinct from conductor cross-sectional area.

Karaniwang gamit
North American standards and certification documents; check the specific standard and product listing.
CTPamamahagi ng kuryente

Current Transformer

Isang instrument transformer na nagbibigay ng scaled current para sa pagsukat o proteksyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga metro, relay, monitoring system, at mga protective scheme.
CVTPamamahagi ng kuryente

Capacitor Voltage Transformer

An instrument transformer using a capacitive divider and electromagnetic unit to obtain a scaled voltage.

Karaniwang gamit
Higher-voltage metering and protection; included to distinguish it from ordinary low-voltage control transformers.
DACAutomation & Control

Digital-to-Analog Converter

A circuit that converts a digital value into an analog output.

Karaniwang gamit
Controller analog outputs, drive references, and instrument signal generation.
DALIAutomation & Control

Digital Addressable Lighting Interface

A dedicated protocol for digital communication and control in lighting systems.

Karaniwang gamit
Addressable lighting drivers, control devices, and building lighting management.
DB (Distribution Board)Pamamahagi ng kuryente

Lupon ng Pamamahagi

Isang assembly na naghahati ng papasok na suplay ng kuryente sa mga protektadong outgoing circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Residential, commercial, at industrial final distribution.
Read the DB guide
DCMeasurements & Standards

Direct Current

Agos ng kuryente na dumadaloy sa isang pare-parehong polarity.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga baterya, solar array, electronics, control circuit, at mga EV system.
DC MCBSolar, DC & EV

Direct-Current Miniature Circuit Breaker

Isang miniature circuit breaker na idinisenyo at may rating para sa pagputol ng direct-current circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Photovoltaic, baterya, telecom, at iba pang DC branch circuit.
DC SPDSolar, DC & EV

Direct-Current Surge Protective Device

Isang surge protective device na idinisenyo para sa boltahe ng direct-current system at gawi ng fault.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga PV string, combiner box, battery system, at DC distribution.
DCDBPamamahagi ng kuryente

Direct-Current Distribution Board

Isang board na nagbabahagi at nagpoprotekta sa mga direct-current circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Solar, baterya, telekomunikasyon, at mga pang-industriyang DC system.
DCSAutomation & Control

Distributed Control System

Isang arkitektura ng pagkontrol sa proseso na nagbabahagi ng mga function ng kontrol sa mga konektadong controller.

Karaniwang gamit
Tuloy-tuloy at kumplikadong mga prosesong pang-industriya.
DGPamamahagi ng kuryente

Diesel Generator

An engine-generator set using a diesel engine to drive an electrical generator.

Karaniwang gamit
DG sets supplying standby or prime power and interfacing with transfer-switch systems.
DIAutomation & Control

Digital Input

Isang input ng controller na nagbabasa ng discrete na on-off na estado.

Karaniwang gamit
Limit switches, push buttons, alarms, at status ng kagamitan.
DIACAutomation & Control

Diode for Alternating Current

A bidirectional triggering device that conducts after its breakover voltage is reached.

Karaniwang gamit
Trigger networks for TRIAC-based AC control circuits.
DINWiring & Enclosures

Deutsches Institut für Normung

Ang German Institute for Standardization; ang DIN ay karaniwang iniuugnay din sa standardized na pagkakabit sa riles (rail mounting).

Karaniwang gamit
Mga bahagi ng DIN-rail, mga sukat, at mga sanggunian sa pamantayang Aleman.
DMMMeasurements & Standards

Digital Multimeter - Digital Multimeter

Isang elektronikong instrumento na ginagamit upang sukatin ang mga dami gaya ng boltahe, kuryente, at resistensya.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagsubok sa pag-install, pag-troubleshoot, commissioning, at pagpapanatili.
DOAutomation & Control

Digital Output

Isang output ng controller na nag-uutos ng discrete na on-off na estado.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga relay, contactor, indicator, solenoid, at alarm.
DoDSolar, DC & EV

Depth of Discharge

The proportion of a defined battery capacity that has been discharged.

Karaniwang gamit
Storage operating limits and cycle planning, using the capacity basis specified by the battery documentation.
DOLPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Direct-On-Line Starter

Isang paraan ng pagpapaandar ng motor na naglalapat ng supply voltage nang direkta sa mga terminal ng motor.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga motor kung saan katanggap-tanggap ang starting current at mechanical impact.
DPPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Double Pole / Distribution Panel

DP usually means Double Pole on a switch, breaker, or isolator; on drawings and panel schedules it can mean Distribution Panel.

Karaniwang gamit
Two-pole switching and protection, or distribution-panel identification where the drawing context confirms that meaning.
Read the DP guide
DPDTPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Double Pole, Double Throw

Isang pagsasaayos ng switch na kumokontrol sa dalawang pole sa pagitan ng dalawang posisyon ng output.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagbaligtad ng polarity, pagpapalit (changeover), at pagpili ng paired-circuit.
DPSTPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Double Pole, Single Throw

Isang pagsasaayos ng switch na nagbubukas o nagsasara ng dalawang pole nang sabay.

Karaniwang gamit
Sabay na paghihiwalay (isolation) ng dalawang konduktor.
DTRPamamahagi ng kuryente

Distribution Transformer

A transformer that performs the final voltage transformation between a distribution network and local utilization circuits.

Karaniwang gamit
Utility distribution feeders supplying low-voltage networks, buildings, and local loads.
Read the DTR guide
ELCBProteksyon ng Circuit

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

Isang lumang termino para sa isang device na ginagamit upang putulin ang circuit kapag may nakitang kondisyon ng earth-leakage.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga lumang instalasyon at historikal na diskusyon tungkol sa proteksyon sa leakage.
Read the ELCB guide
ELRProteksyon ng Circuit

Earth Leakage Relay

A relay that detects residual current, typically through an external core-balance current transformer, and sends an alarm or trip signal when its configured operating conditions are met.

Karaniwang gamit
Earth-leakage monitoring and protection in industrial feeders and distribution panels; circuit interruption requires a coordinated circuit breaker and trip mechanism, not the relay alone.
EMCWiring & Enclosures

Electromagnetic Compatibility

Ang kakayahan ng kagamitan na gumana nang maayos nang hindi nagdudulot o nakakaranas ng hindi katanggap-tanggap na electromagnetic disturbance.

Karaniwang gamit
Disenyo ng panel, paglalagay ng kable, shielding, filtering, at gawaing pagsunod sa pamantayan (compliance).
EMFMeasurements & Standards

Electromotive Force

Energy supplied by a source per unit electric charge, expressed in volts despite the word force.

Karaniwang gamit
Generator, battery, and induced-voltage explanations.
EMIWiring & Enclosures

Electromagnetic Interference

Hindi gustong electromagnetic energy na nagpapababa sa kalidad ng operasyon ng kagamitan o mga signal.

Karaniwang gamit
Industrial controls, drives, communication wiring, at mga sensitibong electronics.
EMRAutomation & Control

Electromechanical Relay

Isang relay na gumagamit ng energized coil upang igalaw ang mga mechanical contact.

Karaniwang gamit
Isolation, interlocking, signaling, at pangkalahatang control logic.
EMTWiring & Enclosures

Electrical Metallic Tubing

Isang manipis na pader na metallic raceway na ginagamit upang ilatag at protektahan ang mga electrical conductor.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga instalasyon ng kable sa komersyal at industriyal na gusali.
ENTWiring & Enclosures

Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing

A pliable nonmetallic raceway for electrical conductors in permitted installation conditions.

Karaniwang gamit
Building wiring with listed fittings and the limitations of the applicable wiring rules.
EOCRPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Electronic Overcurrent Relay

Isang electronic relay na nagbabantay sa kuryente ng motor at nagti-trip o nagbibigay ng signal kapag may mga abnormal na kondisyong na-configure.

Karaniwang gamit
Proteksyon laban sa motor overload, phase-loss, at pagsubaybay sa kuryente (current-monitoring).
EPRWiring & Enclosures

Ethylene Propylene Rubber

An elastomeric material used in electrical cable insulation and related insulating components.

Karaniwang gamit
Cable material specifications; temperature and electrical ratings depend on the actual cable construction.
ESSSolar, DC & EV

Energy Storage System (Sistema ng Pag-iimbak ng Enerhiya)

Isang sistema na nag-iimbak ng enerhiya para magamit sa kuryente sa hinaharap.

Karaniwang gamit
Renewable integration, backup, load shifting, at suporta sa grid.
EtherCATAutomation & Control

Ethernet for Control Automation Technology

An industrial Ethernet technology designed for real-time communication between controllers and field devices.

Karaniwang gamit
Motion control, servo drives, and distributed industrial I/O.
EVSolar, DC & EV

Electric Vehicle (Sasakyang De-kuryente)

Isang sasakyan na pinapatakbo nang bahagya o buo sa pamamagitan ng enerhiyang elektrikal.

Karaniwang gamit
Kagamitan sa pag-charge, imprastrukturang elektrikal, at pamamahala ng enerhiya.
EVSESolar, DC & EV

Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (Kagamitan sa Pag-supply ng Enerhiya sa Electric Vehicle)

Kagamitan na ligtas na nagbibigay ng enerhiyang elektrikal sa isang electric vehicle para sa pag-charge.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga instalasyon ng pag-charge sa tirahan, komersyal, fleet, at pampubliko.
FCEVSolar, DC & EV

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (Sasakyang Elektrikal na Gumagamit ng Fuel Cell)

Isang sasakyang de-kuryente na gumagawa ng enerhiyang elektrikal sa loob nito gamit ang fuel cell.

Karaniwang gamit
Konteksto ng transportasyong hydrogen at mga kaugnay na imprastraktura para sa pag-charge o pag-refuel.
FDBPamamahagi ng kuryente

Final Distribution Board

A board supplying final circuits to loads; some project legends instead use FDB for Floor Distribution Board.

Karaniwang gamit
Final-circuit schedules, branch protection, and building distribution drawings.
FLAPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Full-Load Amperes (Kasalukuyang karga sa buong kapasidad)

Ang kuryenteng kinokonsumo ng kagamitan kapag tumatakbo sa nakasaad na kondisyon ng full-load.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagpili ng motor, konduktor, starter, at overload-device.
FLCPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Full-Load Current

The current associated with full-load operation; distinguish nameplate current from tabulated values used by an installation code.

Karaniwang gamit
Motor circuit calculations, starter selection, and overload-protection documentation.
FMCWiring & Enclosures

Flexible Metal Conduit (Nababaluktot na metal na tubo para sa mga kable)

Isang flexible na metallic raceway na ginagamit para sa paglalagay ng mga conductor kung saan may paggalaw o mahirap na geometry.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga koneksyon sa makinarya, equipment tails, at mga lokasyong madaling manginig (vibration-prone).
FPPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Apat na Pole

A four-pole device designation, commonly written as 4P; the protected and switched poles depend on the device.

Karaniwang gamit
Three-phase and neutral switching arrangements where the product specification confirms each pole function.
FRWiring & Enclosures

Flame Retardant

A material or product designation for limited flame propagation under specified tests; not equivalent to fire resistance.

Karaniwang gamit
Cable and component specifications that identify the applicable flame test.
FRLSWiring & Enclosures

Flame Retardant Low Smoke

Isang pagtatalaga sa materyales ng kable na nagpapahiwatig ng mga katangiang flame-retardant at nabawasang usok.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga gusali at nakasarang lugar na sumasailalim sa mga tinukoy na kinakailangan sa fire-performance.
GBMeasurements & Standards

Guobiao (National Standard)

A prefix used for Chinese national standards; GB and GB/T identify different standard designations.

Karaniwang gamit
Chinese technical specifications where the full designation, edition, and applicable requirements must be checked.
GFCIProteksyon ng Circuit

Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter

Isang device na nagpuputol ng circuit kapag ang kawalan ng balanse sa kuryente ay nagpapahiwatig ng leakage patungo sa ground.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga aplikasyon para sa proteksyon laban sa kuryente sa North America, lalo na sa mga lugar na basa.
GISPamamahagi ng kuryente

Gas-Insulated Switchgear

Switchgear na gumagamit ng insulating gas sa loob ng isang nakasarang assembly.

Karaniwang gamit
Compact medium- at high-voltage substations; kasama ang terminolohiya para sa konteksto ng sistema.
HARTAutomation & Control

Highway Addressable Remote Transducer

Isang protocol ng komunikasyon na nagpapatong ng digital na impormasyon sa isang kumbensyonal na analog signal.

Karaniwang gamit
Smart process instruments at asset configuration.
HDPEWiring & Enclosures

High-Density Polyethylene

A thermoplastic material used in certain conduits, ducts, and cable components.

Karaniwang gamit
Cable routing and material specifications; the material name alone does not establish conduit approval.
HIDAutomation & Control

High-Intensity Discharge

A family of discharge lamps producing light from an electric arc in a gas or vapour.

Karaniwang gamit
Legacy industrial lighting and switching-load specifications, including ballast and starting behavior.
HMIAutomation & Control

Human-Machine Interface (Interface ng Tao at Makina)

Isang user interface para sa pagsubaybay at pagkontrol ng mga makina o proseso.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga control panel, linya ng produksyon, mga utility, at mga sistema ng gusali.
HOAPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Hand-Off-Automatic

Isang three-position selector arrangement para sa manual, disabled, o automatic na kontrol.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga control panel para sa bomba, bentilador, at motor.
HPPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Horsepower

A power designation used on motor and machine ratings; mechanical and metric horsepower are not identical.

Karaniwang gamit
Motor output ratings and conversions to kilowatts using the correct horsepower convention.
HRCProteksyon ng Circuit

High Rupturing Capacity (Mataas na Kapasidad ng Pagkaputol)

Isang klasipikasyon ng fuse na nauugnay sa ligtas na pagputol ng mataas na prospective fault current.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga industrial feeder, kagamitan sa distribusyon, at coordinated fuse protection.
HTPamamahagi ng kuryente

High Tension

A regional expression for higher-voltage supply or distribution; the voltage boundary depends on the applicable rules and market.

Karaniwang gamit
HT incomers, cables, and transformer supply descriptions; confirm the stated voltage rather than relying on the abbreviation.
HVPamamahagi ng kuryente

High Voltage

A voltage classification whose threshold must be read from the relevant standard, regulation, or equipment specification.

Karaniwang gamit
System drawings and upstream supply descriptions; not a substitute for a numerical voltage rating.
HVACAutomation & Control

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning

A building-services system for heating, air movement, cooling, humidity, and indoor air-quality control.

Karaniwang gamit
Electrical drawings, panel schedules, motor loads, drives, controls, and building automation.
Read the HVAC guide
HzMeasurements & Standards

Hertz

Ang SI unit ng frequency, na katumbas ng isang cycle bawat segundo.

Karaniwang gamit
AC supply frequency, ugnayan ng bilis ng motor, at pagsukat ng signal.
I/OAutomation & Control

Input/Output (Input/Output)

Ang mga signal at interface kung saan tumatanggap ng impormasyon ang isang controller at naglalabas ng mga command.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga PLC, remote I/O station, drive, at machine controller.
IDMTProteksyon ng Circuit

Inverse Definite Minimum Time

A protection characteristic in which operating time decreases as current increases, according to a specified inverse-time curve.

Karaniwang gamit
Overcurrent-relay coordination using the declared curve family, pickup, and time setting.
IECMeasurements & Standards

International Electrotechnical Commission

Ang pandaigdigang organisasyon ng mga pamantayan para sa electrical, electronic, at mga kaugnay na teknolohiya.

Karaniwang gamit
Electrotechnical terminology, mga pamantayan ng produkto, pagsubok, at disenyo ng system.
IEEEMeasurements & Standards

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Isang pandaigdigang propesyonal na organisasyon na bumubuo ng mga pamantayan at naglalathala ng teknikal na pananaliksik.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga power system, electronics, komunikasyon, computing, at kasanayan sa engineering.
IGBTPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor

A power semiconductor combining an insulated control gate with bipolar current conduction.

Karaniwang gamit
Inverter and drive power stages; device ratings and protection are specific to the design.
IMPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Induction Motor

An AC motor in which rotor current is induced by the stator field; in motor notation IM can also identify a mounting-code system.

Karaniwang gamit
Motor-type discussions; use the nameplate or drawing context to distinguish motor type from mounting designation.
IMCWiring & Enclosures

Intermediate Metal Conduit

A threaded metal raceway used to route and mechanically protect electrical conductors.

Karaniwang gamit
Conduit installations requiring compatible fittings and compliance with the applicable installation rules.
IPWiring & Enclosures

Proteksyon sa Ingress

Isang klasipikasyon na naglalarawan sa proteksyon ng enclosure laban sa pagpasok, mga solidong bagay, at tubig sa ilalim ng naaangkop na pamantayan.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagpili ng mga enclosure, gland, switch, at kagamitan para sa kapaligiran ng pagkakabit.
IRMeasurements & Standards

Paglaban sa pagkakabukod

The resistance of an insulating path measured under specified conditions; IR can mean infrared in other contexts.

Karaniwang gamit
Insulation testing of isolated equipment by qualified personnel using an appropriate test method.
ISMeasurements & Standards

Indian Standard

The designation of a standard published by the Bureau of Indian Standards; a number and edition define its scope.

Karaniwang gamit
Indian product specifications and procurement documents.
ISOMeasurements & Standards

International Organization for Standardization

Isang malayang internasyonal na organisasyon na bumubuo ng mga pamantayang nakabatay sa konsensus sa iba't ibang industriya.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga sistema ng kalidad, pamantayan sa pamamahala, terminolohiya, at mga espesipikasyon sa iba't ibang industriya.
JBWiring & Enclosures

Junction Box

Isang enclosure na naglalaman at nagpoprotekta sa mga koneksyong elektrikal.

Karaniwang gamit
Pag-branch, pag-terminate, at pagprotekta sa mga koneksyon ng kable.
kAMeasurements & Standards

Kiloampere

Isang yunit ng kuryente na katumbas ng isang libong amperes.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga antas ng fault-current at mga rating ng interrupting-capacity.
KCLMeasurements & Standards

Batas ng Kuryente ni Kirchhoff (Kirchhoff’s Current Law)

Ang algebraic sum ng mga kuryente sa isang electrical node ay zero.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagsusuri ng circuit, pag-aaral sa proteksyon, at mga kalkulasyong elektrikal.
kVAMeasurements & Standards

Kilovolt-Ampere

Isang yunit ng apparent power na katumbas ng isang libong volt-ampere.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga rating ng transformer, generator, UPS, at kapasidad ng system.
kVArMeasurements & Standards

Kilovolt-Ampere Reactive

Isang yunit ng reactive power na katumbas ng isang libong volt-ampere reactive.

Karaniwang gamit
Pag-size ng capacitor-bank at power-factor correction.
KVLMeasurements & Standards

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Ang algebraic sum ng mga boltahe sa paligid ng isang saradong electrical loop ay zero.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagsusuri ng circuit, pagkalkula ng voltage-drop, at pag-troubleshoot.
kWMeasurements & Standards

Kilowatt

Isang yunit ng active power na katumbas ng isang libong watts.

Karaniwang gamit
Load demand, motor output, generation, at mga rating ng kagamitan.
kWhMeasurements & Standards

Kilowatt-Hour

Isang yunit ng enerhiya na katumbas ng isang kilowatt ng kuryente na ginamit sa loob ng isang oras.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagsingil sa kuryente, pagsubaybay sa enerhiya, at pagsusuri ng pagkonsumo.
LBSPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Load Break Switch

Isang switch na idinisenyo upang magbukas at magsara ng normal na load current sa loob ng rating nito.

Karaniwang gamit
Paghihiwalay ng feeder at kontroladong paglipat ng load.
LDBPamamahagi ng kuryente

Lighting Distribution Board

A distribution board designated to supply and protect lighting circuits.

Karaniwang gamit
Building panel schedules and lighting feeders; exact naming follows the project drawing legend.
LDRAutomation & Control

Light-Dependent Resistor

Isang resistive sensor na ang resistance ay nagbabago base sa antas ng liwanag na tumatama rito.

Karaniwang gamit
Pag-detect ng liwanag ng araw, kontrol sa ilaw, at optical detection.
Read the LDR guide
LFMCWiring & Enclosures

Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit

Isang flexible na metallic raceway na may panlabas na takip na idinisenyo upang limitahan ang pagpasok ng likido.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga koneksyon para sa outdoor, basa, at pang-industriyang kagamitan kung saan pinahihintulutan.
LFPSolar, DC & EV

Lithium Iron Phosphate

A lithium-ion battery chemistry named for its lithium iron phosphate cathode material.

Karaniwang gamit
Stationary storage and EV batteries; electrical protection must follow the actual pack voltage and fault characteristics.
LOTOMeasurements & Standards

Lockout/Tagout

A hazardous-energy control process using isolation, locks, tags, and verification under an applicable procedure.

Karaniwang gamit
Maintenance and servicing; switching a control device off alone is not a complete LOTO process.
Read the LOTO guide
LRAPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Locked-Rotor Amperes

Ang kuryenteng kinokonsumo ng isang motor kapag ang rotor ay hindi gumagalaw at nakasailalim sa rated voltage.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagtatasa ng starting-current at koordinasyon ng protective device.
LSIGProteksyon ng Circuit

Long-Time, Short-Time, Instantaneous, Ground-Fault

A designation for four overcurrent and ground-fault protection functions available in certain electronic trip units.

Karaniwang gamit
MCCB and ACB trip-unit specifications; ground-fault protection here does not automatically provide personnel residual-current protection.
LSZHWiring & Enclosures

Low Smoke Zero Halogen

Isang pagtatalaga ng materyales ng kable na nilayon upang makagawa ng limitadong usok at walang halogen acid gas sa ilalim ng mga tinukoy na kondisyon ng sunog.

Karaniwang gamit
Transportasyon, mga pampublikong gusali, pasilidad ng data, at mga nakakulong na espasyo.
LTPamamahagi ng kuryente

Low Tension

A regional term for low-voltage electrical distribution; IEC documentation more commonly uses low voltage (LV).

Karaniwang gamit
LT panels, cables, switchgear, and the low-voltage side of a distribution system.
Read the LT guide
LVPamamahagi ng kuryente

Low Voltage

A voltage classification used in installation and equipment standards; its limits depend on the standard and on AC or DC operation.

Karaniwang gamit
Distribution boards, control panels, protective devices, and low-voltage assemblies.
MBBPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Make Before Break

Isang pagkakasunod-sunod ng contact kung saan ang bagong koneksyon ay nagsasara bago bumukas ang kasalukuyang koneksyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga napiling aplikasyon ng paglilipat o signal kung saan kinakailangan ang panandaliang pagpapatuloy ng daloy ng kuryente.
MCBProteksyon ng Circuit

Miniature Circuit Breaker

Isang compact na resettable breaker na nagpoprotekta sa mga circuit laban sa overload at short-circuit current.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga final at branch circuit sa mga residential, commercial, at light-industrial na distribusyon.
Basahin ang gabay sa MCB
MCCPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Motor Control Center

Isang assembly na naglalaman ng mga coordinated na motor-control at protection unit.

Karaniwang gamit
Sentralisadong kontrol ng maraming motor sa mga pasilidad na pang-industriya.
Read the MCC guide
MCCBProteksyon ng Circuit

Molded Case Circuit Breaker

Isang circuit breaker na nasa loob ng molded insulating case, na karaniwang ginagamit para sa mas mataas na current distribution at adjustable na proteksyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga feeder, makinarya, at mga commercial o industrial distribution system.
Basahin ang gabay sa MCCB
MCPPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Motor Circuit Protector

An instantaneous-trip circuit breaker used for short-circuit and ground-fault protection as part of a coordinated motor branch circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Combination motor controllers with separate contactor and overload protection.
Read the MCP guide
MDBPamamahagi ng kuryente

Main Distribution Board (Pangunahing Distribution Board)

Ang pangunahing low-voltage board na nagbibigay ng kuryente sa mga downstream board at malalaking load.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga komersyal na gusali, planta ng industriya, at imprastraktura.
MMFMeasurements & Standards

Magnetomotive Force

The magnetic-circuit excitation associated with current and winding turns.

Karaniwang gamit
Relay coils, contactor electromagnets, and magnetic-circuit explanations.
MOSFETAutomation & Control

Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor

A field-effect transistor with an insulated gate that controls conduction between source and drain.

Karaniwang gamit
Switch-mode supplies, DC converters, and electronic control outputs.
MPCBPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Motor Protection Circuit Breaker

Isang circuit breaker na idinisenyo para sa mga kinakailangan sa proteksyon laban sa overload at short-circuit ng motor.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga motor starter, bomba, bentilador, conveyor, at makinarya.
MPDBPamamahagi ng kuryente

Main Power Distribution Board

A project designation for a main board distributing incoming power to downstream feeders.

Karaniwang gamit
Industrial and commercial single-line diagrams; verify the drawing legend and assembly rating.
MPPTSolar, DC & EV

Maximum Power Point Tracking

Isang paraan ng pagkontrol na nagpapanatili sa operasyon ng photovoltaic source malapit sa pinakamataas na available na power point nito.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga solar inverter, charge controller, at mga PV conversion system.
MSBPamamahagi ng kuryente

Main Switchboard

Ang pangunahing asembliya na naglalaman ng incoming switching, proteksyon, metering, at mga outgoing feeder.

Karaniwang gamit
Pamamahagi ng kuryenteng low-voltage sa antas ng pasilidad.
MTSPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Manual Transfer Switch

Isang kagamitang manu-manong pinapatakbo na naglilipat ng load sa pagitan ng mga pinagmumulan ng kuryente.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga backup-power system kung saan ang paglilipat ng source ay ginagawa ng isang operator.
MVPamamahagi ng kuryente

Katamtamang Boltahe

A distribution-voltage designation between low voltage and higher transmission voltages, with boundaries that vary by context.

Karaniwang gamit
Upstream switchgear and transformer supplies feeding low-voltage installations.
MVAMeasurements & Standards

Megavolt-Ampere

A unit of apparent power equal to one million volt-amperes.

Karaniwang gamit
Transformer, generator, substation, and large AC system ratings.
Read the MVA guide
NCPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Normally Closed

Isang contact state na nakasara (closed) kapag ang operating device ay nasa normal at hindi aktibong kondisyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga control circuit, interlock, alarm, at fail-safe logic.
NECMeasurements & Standards

National Electrical Code

The US electrical installation code published as NFPA 70; enforceable requirements depend on local adoption.

Karaniwang gamit
US wiring, protection, and installation design using the edition adopted by the relevant jurisdiction.
NEMAWiring & Enclosures

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Isang asosasyon sa industriya sa North America na ang mga pamantayan ay kinabibilangan ng mga klasipikasyon ng uri ng enclosure.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga espesipikasyon ng kagamitan, pagpili ng enclosure, at konteksto ng merkado sa North America.
Read the NEMA guide
NFPAMeasurements & Standards

National Fire Protection Association

The organization publishing standards including NFPA 70 and NFPA 70E, which address different electrical safety scopes.

Karaniwang gamit
Distinguishing installation-code requirements from electrical workplace safety requirements.
NMCSolar, DC & EV

Nickel Manganese Cobalt

A family of lithium-ion cathode chemistries based on nickel, manganese, and cobalt oxides.

Karaniwang gamit
Battery technology descriptions; chemistry alone does not specify a complete battery protection system.
HINDIPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Normally Open

Isang contact state na nakabukas (open) kapag ang operating device ay nasa normal at hindi aktibong kondisyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga start command, signaling, relay logic, at controlled switching.
NOCTSolar, DC & EV

Nominal Operating Cell Temperature

A PV module temperature characteristic determined under specified reference environmental and operating conditions.

Karaniwang gamit
Interpreting module thermal behavior; distinguish NOCT from NMOT where a datasheet uses the newer test designation.
NTCAutomation & Control

Negative Temperature Coefficient

Isang katangian ng thermistor kung saan bumababa ang resistance habang tumataas ang temperatura.

Karaniwang gamit
Pag-detect ng temperatura, kompensasyon, at paglimita sa inrush-current.
OCPDProteksyon ng Circuit

Overcurrent Protective Device

Isang pangkalahatang termino para sa isang device na nagbubukas ng circuit kapag ang kuryente ay lumampas sa itinakdang limitasyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga circuit breaker, fuse, at mga coordinated na scheme para sa overcurrent protection.
OCPPSolar, DC & EV

Open Charge Point Protocol

A communication protocol between EV charging stations and charging-station management systems.

Karaniwang gamit
Charging-network supervision, transactions, and remote management; not the vehicle charging-connector standard.
OCRProteksyon ng Circuit

Overcurrent Relay

A protective relay that initiates an output when measured current meets its configured pickup and timing criteria.

Karaniwang gamit
Feeder and motor protection schemes; the associated switching device performs the circuit interruption.
OCVSolar, DC & EV

Open-Circuit Voltage

Ang boltaheng nasusukat sa isang source kapag walang dumadaloy na load current.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagsusuri ng PV string, pagtatasa ng baterya, at pagtukoy sa katangian ng source.
OLRPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Overload Relay

Isang relay na tumutugon sa tuloy-tuloy na overcurrent ng motor at nagbubukas ng control circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga motor starter na nakabase sa contactor at koordinadong proteksyon ng motor.
OPC UAAutomation & Control

Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture

An industrial interoperability architecture for exchanging structured information between applications and devices.

Karaniwang gamit
Connections between control systems, supervisory software, and industrial information systems.
P&IDAutomation & Control

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

A diagram showing process piping, equipment, instrumentation, and control relationships; not the PID control algorithm.

Karaniwang gamit
Coordinating process instruments, control loops, and electrical interfaces in industrial projects.
PCCPamamahagi ng kuryente

Power Control Center / Point of Common Coupling

PCC can identify a main power-distribution assembly or the point where a customer system connects to a shared supply; the drawing and system context determine the meaning.

Karaniwang gamit
Panel schedules and switchroom layouts, or power-quality, utility, solar, and grid-interconnection studies.
Read the PCC guide
PCSSolar, DC & EV

Power Conversion System

Kagamitang pang-convert na bidirectional na nag-uugnay sa energy storage sa mga AC o DC system.

Karaniwang gamit
Battery storage, microgrids, at pagsasama ng renewable energy.
PDBPamamahagi ng kuryente

Power Distribution Board

Isang panel assembly na ginagamit upang ipamahagi ang kuryente sa maraming circuit o load.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga industrial panel, gusali, at distribusyon ng kagamitan.
PEWiring & Enclosures

Protective Earth

Isang konduktor o terminal na inilaan para sa protective earthing.

Karaniwang gamit
Kaligtasang elektrikal, bonding, at mga landas ng fault-current return.
PENWiring & Enclosures

Protective Earth at Neutral

Isang konduktor na pinagsasama ang mga function ng protective-earth at neutral sa isang tinukoy na bahagi ng earthing system.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga partikular na kaayusan ng supply at earthing kung saan pinahihintulutan.
PFMeasurements & Standards

Power Factor

Ang ratio ng active power sa apparent power sa isang AC system.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagtatasa ng load, kontrol ng capacitor-bank, at pamamahala ng kalidad ng kuryente.
PIDAutomation & Control

Proportional-Integral-Derivative

A feedback-control method combining proportional, integral, and derivative actions; distinct from a P&ID process diagram.

Karaniwang gamit
Kontrol sa temperatura, presyon, daloy, bilis, at posisyon.
PIRAutomation & Control

Passive Infrared

Isang paraan ng pag-detect na nakakakita ng mga pagbabago sa infrared radiation mula sa mga tao o bagay.

Karaniwang gamit
Pag-detect ng occupancy, pagkontrol sa ilaw, at mga security system.
PLCAutomation & Control

Programmable Logic Controller

Isang industrial controller na idinisenyo upang magpatupad ng logic at mamahala ng I/O ng makina o proseso.

Karaniwang gamit
Automation, sequencing, interlocking, at pagkontrol sa makina.
PMSMPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor

Isang synchronous motor kung saan ang magnetic field ng rotor ay nalilikha ng mga permanent magnet.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga high-efficiency variable-speed drive at precision motion system.
PPEMeasurements & Standards

Personal Protective Equipment

Equipment worn to reduce exposure to identified hazards, selected through the applicable risk assessment.

Karaniwang gamit
Electrical work protection; an arc-flash PPE category is not a substitute for shock-protection requirements.
PRSolar, DC & EV

Performance Ratio

A PV performance metric relating actual system yield to a reference yield based on irradiation and installed rated power.

Karaniwang gamit
PV system monitoring and loss assessment using a clearly stated calculation method and measurement period.
PTPamamahagi ng kuryente

Potential Transformer

Isang instrument transformer na nagbibigay ng scaled voltage para sa pagsukat o proteksyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga metro, protection relay, synchronizing, at monitoring.
PTCAutomation & Control

Positive Temperature Coefficient

Isang resistive characteristic kung saan tumataas ang resistance habang tumataas ang temperatura.

Karaniwang gamit
Pag-detect ng temperatura at proteksyon ng kagamitan.
PTFEWiring & Enclosures

Polytetrafluoroethylene

A fluoropolymer used for electrical insulation and other applications requiring suitable thermal or chemical properties.

Karaniwang gamit
Special-purpose wire insulation, insulating parts, and material specifications.
PTWMeasurements & Standards

Permit to Work

A formal authorization process defining the scope, precautions, and responsibilities for specified work.

Karaniwang gamit
Controlled maintenance and industrial work; a permit does not replace isolation or verification.
PVSolar, DC & EV

Photovoltaic

Ang direktang pagpapalit ng liwanag tungo sa enerhiyang elektrikal gamit ang mga semiconductor device.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga solar module, array, inverter, at DC protection system.
PVCWiring & Enclosures

Polyvinyl Chloride

Isang thermoplastic na materyales na malawakang ginagamit para sa insulation ng kable, sheathing, conduit, at mga enclosure.

Karaniwang gamit
Pangkalahatang mga produkto para sa electrical wiring at installation.
PWMPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Pulse-Width Modulation

A control technique that varies pulse duration to regulate the effective output of a switching circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
VFD power stages, motor controls, lighting drivers, and power converters.
RCBProteksyon ng Circuit

Residual Current Breaker

Isang impormal o lumang tawag para sa breaker na tumutugon sa residual current.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga pangkalahatang diskusyon kung saan kailangang linawin ang eksaktong uri ng RCD, RCCB, o RCBO device.
Basahin ang gabay sa RCB
RCBOProteksyon ng Circuit

Residual Current Breaker na may Overcurrent Protection

Isang protective device na pinagsasama ang residual-current protection at overload at short-circuit protection.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga indibidwal na final circuit na nangangailangan ng pinagsamang proteksyon sa isang device.
Basahin ang gabay sa RCBO
RCCBProteksyon ng Circuit

Residual Current Circuit Breaker

Isang breaker na pumuputol ng circuit kapag ang residual current ay lumampas sa operating threshold nito.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga aplikasyon para sa earth-leakage at shock-protection; maaaring mangailangan ng hiwalay na overcurrent protection.
Basahin ang gabay sa RCCB
RCDProteksyon ng Circuit

Tira-Tirahan Kasalukuyang Aparato

Ang pangkalahatang termino para sa mga device na nagbabantay sa current imbalance at pumuputol ng circuit kung kinakailangan.

Karaniwang gamit
Proteksyon laban sa residual-current sa mga residensyal, komersyal, at industriyal na instalasyon.
Read the RCD guide
RDOLPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Reversing Direct-On-Line Starter

Isang starter arrangement na nagpapabaligtad sa direksyon ng motor sa pamamagitan ng pagpapalit ng phase sequence.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga conveyor, hoist, pinto, at makinaryang nangangailangan ng forward-reverse na operasyon.
REFProteksyon ng Circuit

Restricted Earth Fault

An earth-fault protection scheme restricted to the zone defined by its current-transformer locations.

Karaniwang gamit
Transformer and machine winding protection; distinct from general downstream residual-current protection.
RMCWiring & Enclosures

Rigid Metal Conduit

Isang makapal na metal na raceway na nagbibigay ng mekanikal na proteksyon para sa mga konduktor.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga instalasyon ng kable sa industriya, labas ng gusali, at mga nakalantad na kable.
RMSMeasurements & Standards

Root Mean Square

Isang paraan ng pagpapahayag ng epektibong laki ng isang nagbabagong dami ng kuryente.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagsukat ng boltahe at kuryenteng AC at mga rating ng kagamitan.
RMUPamamahagi ng kuryente

Ring Main Unit

Isang compact na switchgear assembly na ginagamit sa mga ring-type na medium-voltage distribution network.

Karaniwang gamit
Distribusyon para sa utility at industriya; kasama para sa mas malawak na konteksto ng sistema.
RPMPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Revolutions Per Minute

A measure of rotational speed stating the number of complete revolutions in one minute.

Karaniwang gamit
Motor nameplates, drive settings, pumps, fans, and mechanical speed requirements.
RS-232Automation & Control

Recommended Standard 232

The historical RS designation for a single-ended serial electrical interface commonly specified by TIA-232.

Karaniwang gamit
RS232 service ports and point-to-point links on industrial instruments and controllers.
RS-485Automation & Control

Recommended Standard 485

The historical RS designation for a balanced serial electrical interface commonly specified by TIA-485; it is not an application protocol.

Karaniwang gamit
RS485 links carrying protocols such as Modbus RTU between meters, drives, and controllers.
RTDAutomation & Control

Resistance Temperature Detector

Isang temperature sensor na gumagamit ng predictable na pagbabago sa resistance ng isang metal element.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagsukat ng temperatura sa mga industrial process at kagamitan.
RTUAutomation & Control

Remote Terminal Unit

Isang field device na nangongolekta ng data at nakikipag-ugnayan sa isang supervisory control system.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga utility, substation, pipeline, at mga asset na nakakalat sa iba't ibang lokasyon.
SCADAAutomation & Control

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

Isang sistema para sa supervisory monitoring, pangongolekta ng datos, mga alarm, at remote control.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga pang-industriyang planta, utility, sistema ng tubig, at imprastraktura.
SCIMPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor

Isang induction motor na may mga rotor conductor na nakaayos sa isang short-circuited cage structure.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga bomba, bentilador, compressor, conveyor, at pangkalahatang industrial drive.
SCRPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Silicon-Controlled Rectifier

A unidirectional thyristor triggered into conduction by its gate and normally turned off when current falls below its holding level.

Karaniwang gamit
Soft starters, controlled rectifiers, and industrial power-control circuits.
SDBPamamahagi ng kuryente

Sub-Distribution Board

A downstream board distributing a feeder supply to a local group of circuits.

Karaniwang gamit
Floor, zone, and workshop distribution; confirm project-specific abbreviations.
SFUPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Switch Fuse Unit

Isang switching unit na pinagsasama ang load isolation at fuse protection.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga distribution feeder at kagamitan na nangangailangan ng manual isolation at fused protection.
SMPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Synchronous Motor

An AC motor whose rotor runs in synchronism with the rotating magnetic field during steady operation.

Karaniwang gamit
Motor and drive terminology where the drawing legend identifies SM as the motor type.
SMFSolar, DC & EV

Sealed Maintenance-Free

A battery description commonly used for sealed lead-acid designs that do not require routine electrolyte topping-up.

Karaniwang gamit
UPS and standby batteries; the term does not remove inspection, ventilation, or replacement requirements.
SMPSAutomation & Control

Switched-Mode Power Supply

A power supply using switching conversion to regulate its output voltage or current.

Karaniwang gamit
DC control power for PLCs, sensors, relays, and industrial panels.
SOCSolar, DC & EV

State of Charge

Isang pagtatantya ng natitirang enerhiya sa isang baterya base sa magagamit nitong kapasidad.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagsubaybay sa baterya, storage dispatch, at mga de-kuryenteng sasakyan.
Soft StarterPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Solid-State Motor Soft Starter

Isang controller na nagpapataas ng boltahe ng motor upang bawasan ang starting current at mechanical shock.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga bomba, bentilador, conveyor, at mga kagamitang nangangailangan ng kontroladong pagbilis.
SOHSolar, DC & EV

Kalagayan ng Kalusugan (State of Health)

Isang pagtatantya ng kasalukuyang kondisyon ng baterya kaugnay ng orihinal na pagganap nito.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagpapanatili ng baterya, pagtatasa ng warranty, at pagpaplano ng lifecycle.
SPPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Single Pole

A device arrangement with one switching or protective pole.

Karaniwang gamit
Switch and breaker descriptions; the pole designation alone does not define isolation suitability.
SPDProteksyon ng Circuit

Surge Protective Device

Isang aparato na naglilimita sa transient overvoltage at naglilipat ng surge current.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga distribution board, control panel, solar system, at mga sensitibong kagamitan.
Basahin ang gabay ng SPD
SPDTPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Single Pole, Double Throw

Isang pagsasaayos ng switch na nagkokonekta sa isang karaniwang pole sa alinman sa dalawang output.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagkontrol sa pagpapalit (changeover control), mga selector circuit, at mga contact ng relay.
SPSTPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Single Pole, Single Throw

Isang pangunahing pagsasaayos ng switch na nagbubukas o nagsasara ng isang daluyan ng circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Simpleng on-off na kontrol.
SRIMPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Slip-Ring Induction Motor

Isang wound-rotor induction motor na gumagamit ng mga slip ring upang ikonekta ang panlabas na circuitry ng rotor.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga aplikasyong may mataas na starting torque at kontroladong acceleration.
SRMPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Switched Reluctance Motor

A motor producing torque by sequentially energizing stator windings to move its rotor toward lower magnetic reluctance.

Karaniwang gamit
Specialized electronically controlled drives; distinct from a slip-ring induction motor.
SSRAutomation & Control

Solid-State Relay

Isang electronic switching device na walang gumagalaw na power contact.

Karaniwang gamit
High-cycle switching, kontrol sa temperatura, at tahimik na operasyon.
STCSolar, DC & EV

Standard Test Conditions

Reference conditions used to state photovoltaic module performance, rather than a promise of everyday field output.

Karaniwang gamit
Comparing PV nameplate ratings and identifying the basis of electrical specifications.
STSPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Static Transfer Switch

Isang solid-state switching system na naglilipat ng load sa pagitan ng mga compatible na power source.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga kritikal na load na nangangailangan ng mabilis na paglipat ng source.
SWAWiring & Enclosures

Steel Wire Armour

Steel-wire reinforcement na ginagamit upang magbigay ng mekanikal na proteksyon sa paligid ng isang kable.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga power cable na nakakabit sa ilalim ng lupa, sa labas, o sa mga mapanghamong kapaligiran.
SWBDPamamahagi ng kuryente

Switchboard

Isang pagtitipon ng mga kagamitan para sa paglipat (switching), proteksyon, kontrol, at pagsukat para sa distribusyon ng kuryente.

Karaniwang gamit
Komersyal at industriyal na distribusyon ng mababang boltahe (low-voltage).
SWGWiring & Enclosures

Standard Wire Gauge

A wire-size numbering system with dimensions different from American Wire Gauge (AWG).

Karaniwang gamit
Reading wire specifications and conversion tables without treating equal SWG and AWG numbers as equal sizes.
SWGRPamamahagi ng kuryente

Switchgear

Isang kolektibong termino para sa mga kagamitan sa paglipat (switching), proteksyon, kontrol, at isolasyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Distribusyon ng power system at proteksyon ng kagamitan.
TBWiring & Enclosures

Terminal Block

Isang modular na insulated na bahagi na ginagamit upang tapusin at pagdugtungin ang mga konduktor.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga control panel, distribution board, makinarya, at field wiring.
TCPAutomation & Control

Transmission Control Protocol

A transport protocol providing an ordered, reliable byte stream between network endpoints.

Karaniwang gamit
Modbus TCP and other industrial applications carried over IP networks; not interchangeable with Modbus RTU framing.
TEFCPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled

Isang uri ng enclosure ng motor na naglilimita sa malayang pagpapalitan ng hangin at gumagamit ng panlabas na bentilador para sa pagpapalamig.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga pang-industriyang kapaligiran kung saan dapat isaalang-alang ang pagkakalantad sa alikabok at halumigmig.
THDMeasurements & Standards

Total Harmonic Distortion

Isang sukat na naghahambing sa harmonic content laban sa fundamental component ng isang waveform.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagsusuri ng kalidad ng kuryente (power-quality analysis), mga drive, inverter, at mga nonlinear load.
TPPaglipat at Transfer (Switching & Transfer)

Triple Pole

A three-pole device arrangement, also commonly written as 3P.

Karaniwang gamit
Three-phase switches and protective devices; neutral switching must be specified separately.
TPNPamamahagi ng kuryente

Three Pole and Neutral

Isang kaayusan ng distribusyon na may tatlong phase conductor at isang neutral conductor.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga three-phase board, switch, at mga sistema ng distribusyon.
TRIACAutomation & Control

Triode for Alternating Current

A bidirectional thyristor used to control conduction during both polarities of an AC waveform.

Karaniwang gamit
AC load control and certain solid-state switching circuits.
TVSProteksyon ng Circuit

Transient Voltage Suppressor

Isang bahagi o kagamitan na ginagamit upang i-clamp ang mga panandaliang boltahe (voltage transients).

Karaniwang gamit
Mga electronic circuit, signal interface, at localized surge suppression.
ULMeasurements & Standards

Underwriters Laboratories

Isang organisasyong pang-agham sa kaligtasan na nauugnay sa mga pamantayan, pagsubok, at mga serbisyong sertipikasyon.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga kinakailangan sa produkto sa Hilagang Amerika at konteksto ng pagtatasa ng pagsunod.
UPSPamamahagi ng kuryente

Uninterruptible Power Supply

Isang sistemang elektrikal na nagbibigay ng agarang pansamantalang suplay kapag naputol ang normal na pinagmumulan ng kuryente.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga kontrol, IT loads, telekomunikasyon, mga sistemang pangkaligtasan, at iba pang kritikal na kagamitan.
Basahin ang gabay sa UPS
VMeasurements & Standards

Boltahe

Ang yunit ng pagkakaiba ng potensyal na elektrikal na hango sa SI.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga rating ng boltahe, pagsukat, at mga kalkulasyong elektrikal.
VAMeasurements & Standards

Volt-Ampere

Isang yunit ng apparent power sa isang AC circuit.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga rating ng transformer, UPS, generator, at load-capacity.
VArMeasurements & Standards

Volt-Ampere Reactive

Isang yunit ng reactive power sa isang AC system.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga pag-aaral sa power-factor at reactive-power compensation.
VCBProteksyon ng Circuit

Vacuum Circuit Breaker

A circuit breaker that interrupts current using contacts inside a vacuum interrupter.

Karaniwang gamit
Primarily medium-voltage feeders and switchgear; included as upstream system context.
VDEMeasurements & Standards

Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik

The German association for electrical, electronic, and information technologies; VDE references can concern standards or testing and certification.

Karaniwang gamit
Distinguishing a standards reference from a specific product certification and verifying the relevant documentation.
VFDPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Variable Frequency Drive

Isang power-electronic drive na kumokontrol sa bilis at torque ng AC motor sa pamamagitan ng pagbabago ng frequency at boltahe ng supply.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga bomba, bentilador, HVAC system, conveyor, at makinarya sa proseso.
Read the VFD guide
VSDPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Variable Speed Drive

Isang pangkalahatang termino para sa drive system na kumokontrol sa bilis ng pagtakbo ng motor.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga prosesong pinapatakbo ng motor na nangangailangan ng adjustable na bilis o torque.
VTPamamahagi ng kuryente

Voltage Transformer

An instrument transformer that supplies a scaled voltage for measurement or protection.

Karaniwang gamit
Metering and relay inputs; potential transformer (PT) is a related naming convention.
VVVFPagkontrol at Drive ng Motor (Motor Control & Drives)

Variable Voltage Variable Frequency

Isang paraan ng kontrol na nagbabago sa boltahe at frequency para sa operasyon ng AC motor.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga elevator, HVAC, traksyon, at mga industrial motor drive.
WMeasurements & Standards

Watt

Ang yunit ng active power na hango sa SI.

Karaniwang gamit
Pagkonsumo ng kagamitan, output, pagkawala ng init (heat loss), at mga kalkulasyong elektrikal.
XLPEWiring & Enclosures

Cross-Linked Polyethylene

Isang thermoset insulation material na ginawa sa pamamagitan ng cross-linking ng polyethylene.

Karaniwang gamit
Mga kable ng kuryente at kontrol na nangangailangan ng tiyak na thermal at electrical performance.
ZHFRWiring & Enclosures

Zero Halogen Flame Retardant

A cable-material designation combining halogen-content and flame-retardance requirements under stated tests.

Karaniwang gamit
Cable procurement where smoke, gas, and flame performance must be verified separately.

Sulyap sa mga karaniwang acronym ng proteksyon

Ang mga terminong ito ay madalas na hinahanap nang magkasama, ngunit ang bawat isa ay naglalarawan ng magkaibang function ng proteksyon.

TerminoPangunahing functionKaraniwang posisyon
MCBProteksyon sa overload at short-circuitMga final at branch circuit
MCCBMas mataas na kapasidad ng proteksyon laban sa overcurrentMga feeder at mas malalaking distribution circuit
RCCBResidual-current protectionMga circuit na nangangailangan ng proteksyon laban sa leakage
RCBOProteksyon laban sa residual-current at overcurrentMga indibidwal na final circuit
SPDLimitasyon sa transient overvoltageMga distribution panel at sensitibong sistema
AFDDPag-detect ng arc-faultMga final circuit kung saan tinutugunan ang panganib ng arc-fault

Paano pinangangasiwaan ng VIOX ang terminolohiyang elektrikal

Maraming abbreviation ang may higit sa isang kahulugan, at ang mga klase ng boltahe o pangalan ng device ay maaaring magbago depende sa pamantayan at merkado. Ginagamit ng hub na ito ang kahulugang pinaka-angkop sa low-voltage electrical engineering at malinaw na nilalagyan ng label ang mga mas malawak na termino ng sistema.

Ang mga depinisyon ay sinusuri batay sa mga itinatag na gamit sa inhinyeriya at mga mapagkukunan ng terminolohiya gaya ng IEC Electropedia. Palaging kumpirmahin ang naaangkop na pamantayan, dokumentasyon ng produkto, at mga lokal na kinakailangan bago ang espesipikasyon.

Magtanong sa VIOX tungkol sa isang aplikasyon