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A photoelectric sensor is a device that detects the presence or absence of an object by using light. It operates based on the interruption or reflection of a light beam emitted from the sensor, typically utilizing infrared or visible light. The sensor comprises two main components: an emitter, which generates the light, and a receiver, which detects the light. When an object interrupts or reflects this light, the sensor registers a change in light intensity, which is then converted into an electrical output signal.